-
1 revelation principle
1) эк. принцип выявления предпочтений* (в теории общественного выбора: принцип, состоящий в том, что при анализе механизмов выявления истинных предпочтений членов общества можно ограничиться рассмотрением лишь прямых механизмов выявления предпочтений)See:2) эк. принцип откровенности* (в теории контрактов: принцип, согласно которому любой исход в игре с неполной информацией может быть достигнут путем определенного механизма правдивого сообщения информации)See: -
2 direct revelation mechanism
эк. прямой механизм выявления (предпочтений)* (в теории общественного выбора: механизм выявления предпочтений членов общества путем их прямого опроса)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > direct revelation mechanism
-
3 bilateral monopoly
эк. двусторонняя монополия (рынок с одним продавцом и одним покупателем; на таком рынке возникают сложности с определением цены, так как механизм конкуренции не действует и все зависит только от договоренности продавца и покупателя; в микроэкономической модели двусторонней монополии не существует единственного стабильного равновесия; обе стороны могут вести себя оппортунистически и искажать свои реальные условия ведения бизнеса, что может очень сильно увеличить трансакционные затраты; стремление избежать этих затрат может подталкивать одну из сторон для слияния с другой стороной, причиной появления двусторонней монополии может быть специфичность активов)See:bilateral dependency, asset specificity, monopsony, monopoly, dialectic of control, revelation principle, contract theory
* * *
двусторонняя монополия: рынок, на котором одному покупателю противостоит единственный продавец; см. monopoly.* * *ситуация, когда монопольный продавец заключает сделку с монопольным покупателем -
4 contract theory
1) эк., юр. теория контрактовSee:observable, quantifiable, contractible, information asymmetry, incentive constraint, mechanism, revelation principle2) юр. договорная теория (корпорации) (одна из англо-американских теорий о природе корпорации; противопоставляет представление о корпорации как о договоре понятию корпорации, почти тождественному понятию юридического лица в континентальном праве; о природе этого договора теория не имеет единого мнения: это может быть договор между государством и фирмой, или между фирмой и ее акционером, или между акционерами; в основе такого подхода к определению правовой природы корпорации лежит решение Верховного суда США о том, что устав корпорации — это договор между штатом и корпорацией)Syn:See: -
5 mechanism design problem
эк. проблема создания механизма (выявления предпочтений)* (в теории общественного выбора при неполной информации о предпочтениях членов общества окончательный выбор зависит от механизма выявления предпочтения и может отклоняться от эффективного)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > mechanism design problem
-
6 law
1. n право; правоведениеinternational law, law of nations — международное право
law of war — право войны, законы и обычаи войны
law of treaties — право, регулирующее международные договоры
2. n профессия юристаlaw language — юридический язык, юридическая терминология
to study law, to go to the law — изучать право
law agent — поверенный, стряпчий; юрист
a man of law — законник; адвокат; юрист
man of law — законник; адвокат; юрист
3. n суд, судебный процессlaw sitting — время сессий судов; месяцы, когда суды заседают
Lynch law — закон или суд Линча, самосуд
4. n законto clarify the law — разъяснить смысл правовой нормы, закона
to answer in law — предстать перед судом; ответить по закону
offence punishable by law — преступление, караемое по закону
5. n принятый, установленный обычайcongressional law — регламент конгресса; обычаи конгресса
official law — принятый закон; закон, вступивший в силу
established by law — учреждённый, установленный законом
6. n правила7. n спорт. фора, преимущество, предоставляемое противнику в состязании8. n разг. поблажка9. v разг. обращаться в суд10. v диал. разг. навязывать свою волюСинонимический ряд:1. assize (noun) act; assize; canon; decree; decretum; edict; enactment; injunction; institute; judicial decision; legislation; measure; ordinance; precept; prescript; prescription; regulation; requirement; rule; ruling; statute2. bar (noun) bar; legal profession3. Christian scriptures (noun) bible; Christian scriptures; gospel; old and new testaments; revelation; scripture; the good book; word of god4. law enforcement (noun) city police; constabulary; district attorney; judge; law enforcement; police; public safety; sheriff; state police5. legislature (noun) charter; civil law; code; constitution; criminal law; law of the press; legislature; probate law; public law; statute law6. principle (noun) axiom; cause; foundation; fundamental; maxim; origin; precept; principium; principle; rule of action; source; standard; theorem; ultimate cause; universal7. study of law (noun) equity; jurisprudence; law school; legal practice; legal precedent; legal science; legalism; study of law8. the courts (noun) due process; judicature; judicial procedure; legal process; the authorities; the courts; the legal authorities; the police; writ of habeas corpus -
7 Napier (Neper), John
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 1550 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 4 April 1617 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland[br]Scottish mathematician and theological writer noted for his discovery of logarithms, a powerful aid to mathematical calculations.[br]Born into a family of Scottish landowners, at the early age of 13 years Napier went to the University of St Andrews in Fife, but he apparently left before taking his degree. An extreme Protestant, he was active in the struggles with the Roman Catholic Church and in 1594 he dedicated to James VI of Scotland his Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St John, an attempt to promote the Protestant case in the guise of a learned study. About this time, as well as being involved in the development of military equipment, he devoted much of his time to finding methods of simplifying the tedious calculations involved in astronomy. Eventually he realized that by representing numbers in terms of the power to which a "base" number needed to be raised to produce them, it was possible to perform multiplication and division and to find roots, by the simpler processes of addition, substraction and integer division, respectively.A description of the principle of his "logarithms" (from the Gk. logos, reckoning, and arithmos, number), how he arrived at the idea and how they could be used was published in 1614 under the title Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio. Two years after his death his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio appeared, in which he explained how to calculate the logarithms of numbers and gave tables of them to eight significant figures, a novel feature being the use of the decimal point to distinguish the integral and fractional parts of the logarithm. As originally conceived, Napier's tables of logarithms were calculated using the natural number e(=2.71828…) as the base, not directly, but in effect according to the formula: Naperian logx= 107(log e 107-log e x) so that the original Naperian logarithm of a number decreased as the number increased. However, prior to his death he had readily acceded to a suggestion by Henry Briggs that it would greatly facilitate their use if logarithms were simply defined as the value to which the decimal base 10 needed to be raised to realize the number in question. He was almost certainly also aware of the work of Joost Burgi.No doubt as an extension of his ideas of logarithms, Napier also devised a means of manually performing multiplication and division by means of a system of rods known as Napier's Bones, a forerunner of the modern slide-rule, which evolved as a result of successive developments by Edmund Gunther, William Oughtred and others. Other contributions to mathematics by Napier include important simplifying discoveries in spherical trigonometry. However, his discovery of logarithms was undoubtedly his greatest achievement.[br]BibliographyNapier's "Descriptio" and his "Constructio" were published in English translation as Description of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1857) and W.R.MacDonald's Construction of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1889), which also catalogues all his works. His Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617) was published in English as Divining Rods, or Two Books of Numbering by Means of Rods (1667).Further ReadingD.Stewart and W.Minto, 1787, An Account of the Life Writings and Inventions of John Napier of Merchiston (an early account of Napier's work).C.G.Knott (ed.), 1915, Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume (the fullest account of Napier's work).KF
См. также в других словарях:
Revelation principle — The revelation principle of economics can be stated as, To any Bayesian Nash equilibrium of a game of incomplete information, there corresponds an associated revelation mechanism that has an equilibrium where the players truthfully report their… … Wikipedia
Revelation — • The communication of some truth by God to a rational creature through means which are beyond the ordinary course of nature Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Revelation Revelation … Catholic encyclopedia
Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth — is a book written by Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the fourth leader of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from 1982 to 2003. It was published in 1998, originally written in English, and subsequently translated into the Urdu and Arabic languages. The book… … Wikipedia
Revelation (Latter Day Saints) — Latter Day Saints teach that the Latter Day Saint movement began with a Revelation from God (see History of the Latter Day Saint movement). They also teach that revelation is the foundation of the church established by Jesus Christ and that it… … Wikipedia
Revelation — This article is about the general concept of supernatural revelation. For the Biblical book, see Book of Revelation. For other uses, see Revelation (disambiguation). Revealing redirects here. For the James Blood Ulmer album, see Revealing (album) … Wikipedia
revelation — revelational, adj. /rev euh lay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act of revealing or disclosing; disclosure. 2. something revealed or disclosed, esp. a striking disclosure, as of something not before realized. 3. Theol. a. God s disclosure of Himself and His… … Universalium
Revelation — An uncovering, a bringing to light of that which had been previously wholly hidden or only obscurely seen. God has been pleased in various ways and at different times (Heb. 1:1) to make a supernatural revelation of himself and his purposes and … Easton's Bible Dictionary
Revelation, book of (the Revelation to John) — Also known as the Apocalypse [[➝ apocalypse]] (Greek = ‘revelation’), a similar kind of writing to the OT book of Daniel. From early in the 2nd cent. it was ascribed to John the Apostle, thought also to be the author of the fourth gospel, but… … Dictionary of the Bible
Day-year principle — The day year principle, year day principle or year for a day principle is a method of interpretation of Bible prophecy in which the word day in apocalyptic prophecy is symbolic for a year of actual time. It is used principally by the historicist… … Wikipedia
Kuzari Principle — The Kuzari Principle or National Revelation is a line of philosophic reasoning derived from the medieval work Kuzari. This principle claims to logically prove the historicity of major events recorded in the Bible from the nature of the belief in… … Wikipedia
Continuous revelation — For a broader description about of communication from deity, see revelation. Continuous revelation or continuing revelation is a theological belief or position that God continues to reveal divine principles or commandments to humanity. In… … Wikipedia
